It might be unwise to assume that your card was compromised by something that happened on the day in question or that any form of contactless technology was involved. Someone took £800, in three transactions, from one of my Santander cards. It was a only a 'cash card', not a debit card. (i.e. it could only be used in ATMs, not in stores and it had no contactless or chip-&-pin facility). Further, that card was for my 'reserve' account and hadn't been out of my wallet for over a year. So I've absolutely no idea how it could have been cloned but it might have been done over a year prior to the withdrawals being made.
With regard to your question though, using NFC (near-field communication) on your phone to pay for goods is generally considered safer than carrying cash. If you're worried though, simply turn NFC off when you're not using it. (With most Android phones, you just need to scroll down from the home page to access the option to toggle NFC on and off).