In certain weather conditions, you may recall seeing rain that doesn't reach the ground. It's called virga and, generally, is caused by rain falling and evaporating before reaching the earth's surface. Similar to this is the phenomena of rain falling at one place but being carried fairly long distances by shearing winds that need not be of great velocity and allowing the rain to reach the surface along the upper winds route. Very uncommon, since the action of the shearing wind tends to evaporate the rain, but does, as you've experienced, happen.
Alternately, you don't indicate how much of the sky dome you could see, but as an airline pilot for many years I, and others, learned hard lessons by flying underneath the overhanging 'anvil head' of a cumulo-nimbus associated thunderstorm even though several miles from the actual storm center as depicted on radar. The hail that comes from such a storm, if well developed, can be spewed out of the anvil head and fall many mile from the visual storm. Aircraft have been damaged from this unexpected hail fall. Such hail could be carried for several miles and melt into rain drops before reaching the surface...