Its contrast media, and can be taken orally, via an enema or intravascularly, depending on the area to be scanned.
These contrast media are generally based around Iodine or barium sulphate compounds, and I didnt think they were radioactive of themselves... more they they were radio-opaque to the xrays used in the scans.
These contrast media are pretty well tolerated generally, but as with any chemical ,there is a small chance of side effects, such as allergic reactions, or irritation of organs within the body.
Someone more involved with radiography could probably give you a more comprehensive answer though.