Probably not unless you have an odd setup where mails are stored on a server at your end before being sent in a batch. (I may have just made that all up but I'm sure it resembles a possibility!)
Chances are, it's been received by the other person by now and is too late.
There is a facility to do this, bit it only works with IMAP (like Exchange server) and the recipient has to approve I think. I doubt you are using IMAP unless you're in a corporate environment. You're probably using POP3...